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List of Ayyubid rulers

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Sultans of The Ayyubid Sultanate
Reconstruction of Saladin's personal standard, using a double headed eagle. The specific design of double headed eagle is taken from a coin of a later Ayyubid Sultan, Al-Adil I.
Details
Last monarch
Formation1171
Abolition1260/1340/1524
Residence
Family tree of the Ayyubid dynasty.[1]

The Ayyubid dynasty ruled many parts of the Middle East and North Africa in the 12th, 13th and 14th centuries. The following is a list of Ayyubid rulers by county/province.

Sultans of Egypt

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See Rulers of Islamic Egypt.

# Sultan Start End Title Fate
1 Saladin 10 September 1171 4 March 1193 Sultan Died in office (In 1171, he abolished the Fatimid dynasty and realigned the country's allegiance with the Abbasid caliphs)
2 Al-Aziz No picture available 4 March 1193 29 November 1198 Sultan Died
3 Al-Mansur No picture available 29 November 1198 February 1200 Sultan Deposed
4 Al-Adil I February 1200 31 August 1218 Sultan Died
5 Al-Kamil 2 September 1218 8 March 1238 Sultan Died
6 Al-Adil II No picture available 8 March 1238 31 May 1240 Sultan Deposed by his brother and successor Salih
7 As-Salih Ayyub No picture available 1 June 1240 21 November 1249 Sultan Died
- Shajar al-Durr 21 November 1249 27 February 1250 Regent Abdicated
8 Turanshah 27 February 1250 2 May 1250 Sultan Assassinated by the Mamluks
9 Al-Ashraf Musa No picture available 1250 1254 Co-sultan with Aybak Dethroned / custody

Sultans and Emirs of Damascus

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See Rulers of Damascus.

Takeover by Mongols, and then Mamluks following the battle of Ain Jalut, 1260.

Family Tree of the Rulers of Damascus

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Ayyubid Dynasty
Al-Afdal
Najm al-Din
Ayyub
Al-Nasir
Salah al-Din
Yusuf

(1)
r. 1174-1193
Al-Adil
Sayf al-Din
Abu Bakr I

(3)
r. 1196-1218
Al-Afdal
Ali

(2)
r. 1193-1196
Al-Zahir
Ghiyath al-Din
Ghazi

Aleppo
r. 1193-1216
Al-Kamil
Nasir al-Din
Muhammad

(8)
r. 1238
Al-Mu'azzam
Sharaf al-Din
Isa

(4)
r. 1218-1227
Al-Ashraf
Musa

(6)
r. 1229-1237
Al-Salih
Imad al-Din
Isma'il

(7)
r. 1237,
1239–1245
Al-Aziz
Muhammad

Aleppo
r. 1216-1232
Al-Adil
Sayf al-Din
Abu Bakr II

(9)
r. 1238-1239
Al-Salih
Najm al-Din
Ayyub

(10)
r. 1239,
1245-1249
Al-Nasir
Dawud

(5)
r. 1227-1229
An-Nasir
Salah al-Din
Yusuf

(12)
r. 1250-1260
Al-Mu'azzam
Ghayath al-Din
Turanshah

(11)
r. 1249-1250

Emirs of Aleppo

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See Rulers of Aleppo.

Portrait Epithet Name Sultan From Sultan Until Relationship with Predecessor(s) Notes Title
Al-Nasir Salah al-Din Yusuf I 1183 1193  • Married Mahmud III Widow Sultan of Halab
Al-Zahir Ghazi 1193 1216  • Son of Salah al-Din Sultan of Halab
Al-Aziz Muhammad 1216 1236  • Son of Al-Zahir Ghazi Sultan of Halab
Al-Nasir Yusuf II 1236 1260  • Son of Al-Aziz
  • Regency council from 1236 to 1242, de facto regency of Dayfa Khatun[2]
  • Also sultan of Damascus
Sultan of Halab

Takeover by Mongols, and then Mamluks following the battle of Ain Jalut, 1260.

Emirs of Baalbek

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See Baalbek, Middle Ages.

Takeover by Mongols, and then Mamluks following the battle of Ain Jalut, 1260.

Emirs of Hama

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See Hama, Muslim Rule.

Formal takeover by Mamluk sultanate in 1341.

Emirs of Homs

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See Homs, Seljuk, Ayyubid and Mamluk Rule.

Directly ruled by Mamluks under Alam al-Din Sanjar al-Bashqirdi, assigned by Baibars, sultan of Egypt and Syria, from 1263.

Emirs of Hisn Kaifa

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See Hisn Kaifa, Ayyubid and Mongols.

Takeover by the Ottoman Empire in 1524.

Emirs of al-Karak

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Also referred to as governors of Transjordan.[4] See al-Karak, Crusader, Ayyubid and Mamluk Periods.

Taken by Mamluks under Baibars, sultan of Egypt and Syria, in 1263.

Emirs of Al-Jazirah

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See Upper Mesopotamia & Al-Jazirah.

Taken by Mongols in 1260.

Emirs of Yemen and Hejaz

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See Yemen, Ayyubid Conquest.

Takeover by Rasulid dynasty of Yemen in 1229.

Emirs of Banyas

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See Banyas.

References

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  1. ^ Lane-Poole, Stanley (1894), "Ayyūbids", The Mohammadan Dynasties: Chronological and Genealogical Tables with Historical Introductions, Westminster: Archibald Constable and Company, pp. 74–79, OCLC 1199708
  2. ^ According to Stephen Humphreys, From Saladin to the Mongols: The Ayyubids of Damascus, 1193–1260 (State University of New York Press, 1977), p. 229, the council consisted of the emirs Shams al-Dīn Luʾluʾ al-Amīnī and ʿIzz al-Dīn ʿUmar ibn Mujallī, the vizier Ibn al-Qifṭī and Dayfa Khatun's representative, Jamāl al-Dawla Iqbāl al-Khātūnī.
  3. ^ a b Meinecke 1996, p. 66.
  4. ^ Wolff, Robert L. and Hazard, H. W., A History of the Crusades: Volume Two, The Later Crusades 1187-1311, The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, 1977, pg. 814

Sources

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